There are over 190

vascular plant Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes () or collectively Tracheophyta (), form a large group of land plants ( accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They al ...

species on the

Norwegian Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe * Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway * Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including ...

Arctic

archipelago An archipelago ( ), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands. Examples of archipelagos include: the Indonesian Archi ...

Svalbard Svalbard ( , ), also known as Spitsbergen, or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. North of mainland Europe, it is about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range ...

. This figure does not include

alga Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mi ...

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hor ...

es, and

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.non-vascular plant Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal transport of water. Non-vascular plants include two distantly rel ...

s. For an island so far north, this number of species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and the short growing season, all the plants are slow growing. They seldom grow higher than In some areas, especially in warmer valleys, the plants produce carpets of blossoms. Svalbard has been divided into four vegetation zones.

Plant species

*''

Acorus calamus ''Acorus calamus'' (also called sweet flag, sway or muskrat root, among many common names) is a species of flowering plant with psychoactive chemicals. It is a tall wetland monocot of the family Acoraceae, in the genus '' Acorus.'' Although ...

'' L. (introduced) *''

Alchemilla glabra ''Alchemilla glabra'' is a species of plants belonging to the family Rosaceae. It is native to Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hem ...

'' Neygenf. (doubtful) *'' Alchemilla subcrenata'' Buser (introduced) *'' Alopecurus magellanicus'' Lam. *'' Anthoxanthum monticola'' (Bigelow) Veldkamp *'' Arabis alpina'' L. – Alpine rock-cress *''

Arctagrostis latifolia ''Arctagrostis latifolia'', the wideleaf polargrass, is a widespread species of grass (family Poaceae), with a circumpolar distribution A circumpolar distribution is any range of a taxon that occurs over a wide range of longitudes but only at h ...

'' (R.Br.) Griseb. *''

Arctium lappa ''Arctium lappa'', commonly called greater burdock, , edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the family Asteraceae, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. It has b ...

'' L. *''

× Arctodupontia scleroclada The multiplication sign, also known as the times sign or the dimension sign, is the symbol , used in mathematics to denote the multiplication operation and its resulting product. While similar to a lowercase X (), the form is properly a four ...

'' (Rupr.) Tzvelev *'' Arenaria humifusa'' Wahlenb. *'' Arenaria pseudofrigida'' (Ostenf. & O.C.Dahl) Steffen – fringed sandwort *''

Barbarea vulgaris ''Barbarea vulgaris'', also called wintercress (usual common name), or alternatively herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, yellow rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus '' Barbarea'', belonging to the fa ...

'' W.T.Aiton (introduced) *''

Betula nana ''Betula nana'', the dwarf birch, is a species of birch in the family Betulaceae, found mainly in the tundra of the Arctic region. Description It is a monoecious, deciduous shrub growing up to high. The bark is non-peeling and shiny red-copp ...

'' L. – dwarf birch *'' Bistorta vivipara'' (L.) Delarbre *''

Braya purpurascens ''Braya'' is a genus of plants in the family Brassicaceae. *'' Braya alpina'' Sternb. & Hoppe *'' Braya fernaldii'' Abbe *'' Braya forrestii'' W.W.Sm. *'' Braya glabella'' Richardson *'' Braya humilis'' (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Rob. *'' Braya linearis'' ...

'' (R.Br.) Bunge ex Ledeb. – purplish braya *''

Cakile arctica ''Cakile arctica'', commonly known as sea rocket and Fjörukál, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway (where it is extinct in Svalbard), and Russia (specifically North Europea ...

'' Pobed. (extinct in Svalbard) *'' Calamagrostis purpurascens'' R.Br. *''

Calamagrostis stricta ''Calamagrostis stricta'', known as slim-stem small reed grass or narrow small-reed, is a species of bunchgrass in the family Poaceae of the Holarctic Kingdom. Description General description The species is perennial and caespitose with elong ...

'' (Timm) Koeler *''

Callitriche stagnalis ''Callitriche stagnalis'' is a perennial aquatic vascular plant species. Also known as pond water-starwort, ''C. stagnalis,'' may thrive in a variety of aquatic and subaquatic habitats, specially those exhibiting slowly moving to non-moving water ...

'' Scop. *'' Campanula giesekiana'' Vest ex Schult. *''

Capsella bursa-pastoris ''Capsella bursa-pastoris'', known as shepherd's purse because of its triangular flat fruits, which are purse-like, is a small annual and ruderal flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to eastern Europe and Asia minor, ...

'' (L.) Medik. (introduced) *''

Cardamine bellidifolia ''Cardamine'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae, known as bittercresses and toothworts. It contains more than 200 species of annuals and perennials. Species in this genus can be found worldwide, except the ...

'' L. *'' Cardamine nymanii'' Gand. – polar cress *''

Carex bigelowii ''Carex bigelowii'' is a species of sedge known by the common names Bigelow's sedge, Gwanmo sedge, and stiff sedge. It has an Arctic–alpine distribution in Eurasia and North America, and grows up to tall in a variety of habitats. Distribution ...

'' Torr. ex Schwein. *'' Carex capillaris'' L. *''

Carex dioica ''Carex dioica'', the dioecious sedge (a name it shares with ''Carex sterilis''), is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Carex'', native to Iceland, the Faroes, Svalbard, nearly all of Europe, western Siberia, and the Altai. It prefers to ...

'' L. *'' Carex × flavicans'' (F.Nyl.) F.Nyl. *'' Carex fuliginosa'' Schkuhr *''

Carex glacialis The genus ''Carex'', the sedges, is one of the largest genera of flowering plants, containing around 1800 species, according to a 2004 estimate. All the species (including hybrid species) accepted by ''The Plant List'' are given below: In May ...

'' Mack. *'' Carex glareosa'' Schkuhr ex Wahlenb. *'' Carex incurviformis'' Mack. *'' Carex krausei'' Boeckeler *''

Carex lachenalii ''Carex lachenalii'', called the twotipped sedge and hare's foot sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Carex'', native to temperate and subarctic North America, Greenland, Iceland, Europe, and Asia, and the South Island of New Zea ...

'' Schkuhr *'' Carex × langeana'' Fernald *'' Carex × lidii'' Hadac *'' Carex marina'' Dewey *'' Carex maritima'' Gunnerus *'' Carex nardina'' (Hornem.) Fr. *'' Carex parallela'' (Laest.) Sommerf. *'' Carex × reducta'' Drejer *''

Carex rupestris ''Carex rupestris'', called the curly sedge and rock sedge (names it shares with other members of its genus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae, native to temperate and subarctic North America, Greenland, Iceland, Europe, ...

'' All. *'' Carex saxatilis'' L. *'' Carex subspathacea'' Wormsk. ex Hornem. *'' Carex ursina'' Dewey *''

Carum carvi Caraway, also known as meridian fennel and Persian cumin (''Carum carvi''), is a biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to western Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Etymology The etymology of "caraway" is unclear. Caraway has been ...

'' L. (introduced) *'' Cassiope hypnoides'' (L.) D.Don *''

Cassiope tetragona ''Cassiope tetragona'' (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely. Growing to 10–20 cm in height ...

'' (L.) D.Don – Arctic bell-heather *'' Cerastium alpinum'' L. *''

Cerastium arcticum ''Cerastium arcticum'', the Arctic mouse-ear chickweed or Arctic mouse-ear, is a flower distributed at parts of western and southern Greenland, Baffin Island, Labrador, Iceland, Scotland, Norway and Svalbard. It is a perennial herb that grows i ...

'' Lange – Arctic mouse-ear chickweed *'' Cerastium bialynickii'' Tolm. *'' Cerastium regelii'' Ostenf. *'' Cherleria biflora'' (L.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb. *''

Chrysosplenium tetrandrum ''Chrysosplenium'' (golden saxifrage or golden-saxifrage) is a genus of 57Soltis, D.E. (2001)Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in ''Chrysosplenium'' (Saxifragaceae) based on matK sequence data ''Am J Bot'' 88:883-893 species of flowering ...

'' (N.Lund) Th.Fr. *'' Cochlearia groenlandica'' L. *'' Comastoma tenellum'' (Rottb.) Toyok. *''

Cystopteris fragilis ''Cystopteris fragilis'' is a species of fern known by the common names brittle bladder-fern and common fragile fern. It can be found worldwide, generally in shady, moist areas. The leaves are up to 30 or 40 centimeters long and are borne on fles ...

'' (L.) Bernh. *''

Deschampsia cespitosa ''Deschampsia cespitosa'', commonly known as tufted hairgrass or tussock grass, is a perennial tufted plant in the grass family Poaceae. Distribution of this species is widespread including the eastern and western coasts of North America, parts o ...

'' (L.) P.Beauv. *'' Dichodon cerastoides'' (L.) Rchb. *''

Draba × algida ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' Adams ex DC. *''

Draba alpina ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' L. *''

Draba arctica ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' J.Vahl *''

Draba × asplundii ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' O.E.Schulz (endemic) *'' Draba cinerea'' Adams *'' Draba corymbosa'' R.Br. ex DC. *'' Draba daurica'' DC. *'' Draba fladnizensis'' Wulfen *''

Draba hirta ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' L. *''

Draba lactea ''Draba lactea'', the Lapland whitlow-grass or milky whitlow-grass, is a flower common throughout the high Arctic. It stretches further south in mountainous areas of Norway, Montana, Canada, and Greenland. The plant is 2–5 cm tall, and ca ...

'' Adams – Lapland whitlow-grass *''

Draba × lastrungica ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' O.E.Schulz (endemic) *'' Draba micropetala'' Hook. *'' Draba nivalis'' Lilj. *''

Draba norvegica ''Draba norvegica'' is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) know by the common names Norwegian draba and Norwegian whitlow grass. Description ''Draba norvegica'' is a small cespitose (forming dense clumps or tufts), ...

'' Gunnerus *''

Draba oxycarpa ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' Sommerf. *'' Draba pauciflora'' R.Br. *'' Draba × schaeferi'' O.E.Schulz (endemic) *''

Draba subcapitata ''Draba'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as whitlow-grasses (though they are not related to the true grasses). Species There are over 400 species: *'' Draba abajoensis'' Windham & Al-Shehbaz *'' ...

'' Simmons *'' Draba × ursorum'' Gand. (endemic) *''

Drosera rotundifolia ''Drosera rotundifolia'', the round-leaved sundew, roundleaf sundew, or common sundew, is a carnivorous species of flowering plant that grows in bogs, marshes and fens. One of the most widespread sundew species, it has a circumboreal distribu ...

'' L. *''

Dryas octopetala ''Dryas octopetala'', the mountain avens, eightpetal mountain-avens, white dryas or white dryad, is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a small prostrate evergreen subshrub forming large colonies. The specific epithe ...

'' L. – mountain avens *''

Dupontia fisheri ''Dupontia'' is a genus of Arctic and Subarctic plants in the Poaceae, grass family. ;Species The only known species is ''Dupontia fisheri'', common name tundragrass. It is native to northern Canada (Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, + the 3 ...

'' R.Br. *''

Empetrum nigrum ''Empetrum nigrum'', crowberry, black crowberry, or, in western Alaska, blackberry, is a flowering plant species in the heather family Ericaceae with a near circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually dioecious, but th ...

'' L. – crowberry *'' Epilobium anagallidifolium'' Lam. *''

Equisetum arvense ''Equisetum arvense'', the field horsetail or common horsetail, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the Equisetidae (horsetails) sub-class, native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It has separate sterile ...

'' L. *'' Equisetum scirpoides'' Michx. *''

Eriophorum angustifolium ''Eriophorum angustifolium'', commonly known as common cottongrass or common cottonsedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Native to North America, North Asia, and Northern Europe, it grows on peat or acidic soil ...

'' Honck. *''

Eriophorum scheuchzeri ''Eriophorum scheuchzeri'' is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names Scheuchzer's cottongrass and white cottongrass. It has an arctic circumpolar and circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It ...

'' Hoppe – Arctic cottongrass *'' Euphrasia frigida'' Pugsley *''

Eutrema edwardsii ''Eutrema'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Brassicaceae, native to the Holarctic. Its best known member is wasabi, ''Eutrema japonicum''. Species Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of October 2022: *'' Eutrema ...

'' R.Br. *'' Festuca baffinensis'' Polunin *'' Festuca brachyphylla'' Schult. & Schult.f. *'' Festuca heteromalla'' Pourr. *'' Festuca hyperborea'' Holmen *''

Festuca richardsonii ''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on ev ...

'' Hook. *''

Festuca rubra ''Festuca rubra'' is a species of grass known by the common name red fescue or creeping red fescue. It is widespread across much of the Northern Hemisphere and can tolerate many habitats and climates. It is best adapted to well-drained soils in c ...

'' L. *''

Festuca vivipara ''Festuca vivipara'', the viviparous sheep's-fescue, is a species of grass native to northern Europe, northern Asia, and subarctic North America. The specific epithet ''vivipara'' is Latin, referring to the florets' alteration to leafy tufts. Th ...

'' (L.) Sm. *''

Galium aparine ''Galium aparine'', with common names including cleavers, clivers, catchweed and sticky willy among others, is an annual, herbaceous plant of the family Rubiaceae. Names ''Galium aparine'' is known by a variety of common names in English. They ...

'' L. *''

Hippuris vulgaris ''Hippuris vulgaris'' (from Greek: ἵππος — ''horse'' and οὐρά — ''tail''), known as mare's-tail or common mare's-tail, is a common aquatic plant of Eurasia and North America ranging from Greenland to the Tibetan Plateau to Arizon ...

'' L. *''

Honckenya peploides ''Honckenya peploides'', the sea sandwort (UK) or seaside sandplant (Canada), is the only species in the genus ''Honckenya'' of the plant family Caryophyllaceae. Other common names include sea chickweed, sea pimpernal, sea-beach sandwort, and sea ...

'' (L.) Ehrh. *'' Huperzia appressa'' (Bach.Pyl. ex Desv.) Á.Löve & D.Löve *''

Huperzia selago ''Huperzia selago'', the northern firmoss or fir clubmoss, is a vascular plant in the family Lycopodiaceae. It has a circumpolar distribution in temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres. Distribution and habitat It is found in the north ...

'' (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. *'' Juncus arcticus'' Willd. *'' Juncus biglumis'' L. *'' Juncus castaneus'' Sm. *''

Juncus effusus ''Juncus effusus'', with the common names common rush or soft rush, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant species in the rush family Juncaceae. In North America, the common name soft rush also refers to '' Juncus interior''. Distribution ' ...

'' L. *''

Juncus squarrosus ''Juncus squarrosus'', called goose corn, heath rush, and mosquito rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Juncus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the ...

'' L. (introduced) *''

Juncus triglumis ''Juncus triglumis'', called the three-flowered rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Juncus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, ...

'' L. *'' Koenigia islandica'' L. *''

Lemna minor ''Lemna minor'', the common duckweed or lesser duckweed, is a species of aquatic freshwater plant in the subfamily Lemnoideae of the arum family Araceae. ''L. minor'' is used as animal fodder, bioremediator, for wastewater nutrient recovery, and ...

'' L. *''

Lolium pratense ''Festuca pratensis'', the meadow fescue, is a perennial species of grass, which is often used as an ornamental grass in gardens, and is also an important forage crop. It grows in meadows, roadsides, old pastures, and riversides on moist, rich ...

'' (Huds.) Darbysh. *'' Luzula arcuata'' (Wahlenb.) Sw. *'' Luzula confusa'' Lindeb. – Arctic wood-rush *'' Luzula nivalis'' (Laest.) Spreng. – tundra wood-rush *''

Luzula spicata ''Luzula spicata'' is a species of flowering plant in the rush family known by the common name spiked woodrush. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northern Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, and North America. It grows ...

'' (L.) DC. *'' Luzula wahlenbergii'' Rupr. *'' Melica uniflora'' Retz. *''

Mentha arvensis ''Mentha arvensis'', the corn mint, field mint, or wild mint, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae. It has a circumboreal distribution, being native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia, east to ...

'' L. *''

Mertensia maritima ''Mertensia maritima'' is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, and is known by the common names oyster leaf in North America, oyster plant in the British Isles, and sea bluebells. It is restricted to gravelly sea shores, usually w ...

'' (L.) Gray – oysterleaf *'' Micranthes foliolosa'' (R.Br.) Gornall *'' Micranthes hieraciifolia'' (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Haw. *''

Micranthes nivalis ''Micranthes nivalis'' is a plant species in the saxifrage family. It is commonly called snow saxifrage or (ambiguously) alpine saxifrage. ''Micranthes nivalis'' is a perennial plant which grows on damp, shady, base-rich rocks and cliffs where ...

'' (L.) Small *'' Micranthes tenuis'' (Wahlenb.) Small *'' Omalotheca supina'' (L.) DC. *''

Origanum vulgare Oregano (, ; ''Origanum vulgare'') is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae. It was native to the Mediterranean region, but widely naturalised elsewhere in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Oregano is a woody perennial pl ...

'' L. *''

Oxyria digyna ''Oxyria digyna'' (mountain sorrel, wood sorrel, Alpine sorrel or Alpine mountain-sorrel) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae).Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd ed., 2013, p. 108 It is native to arctic ...

'' (L.) Hill – mountain sorrel *''

Papaver dahlianum ''Papaver dahlianum'', commonly called the Svalbard poppy, is a poppy species common on Svalbard, north-eastern Greenland and a small area of northern Norway. It is the symbolic flower of Svalbard. Some sources regard this species as part of ''P ...

'' Nordh. – Svalbard poppy *''

Papaver radicatum ''Papaver radicatum'' is a species of poppy known by the common names Arctic poppy, rooted poppy, and yellow poppy. It is a flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. Distribution ''Papaver radicatum'' is circumpolar in distribution and grows i ...

'' Rottb. *'' Pedicularis dasyantha'' Hadac – woolly lousewort *'' Pedicularis hirsuta'' L. – hairy lousewort *'' Phippsia algida'' (Sol.) R.Br. *'' Phippsia concinna'' (Th.Fr.) Lindeb. *'' Pleuropogon sabinei'' R.Br. *''

Poa abbreviata ''Poa'' is a genus of about 570 species of grasses, native to the temperate regions of both hemispheres. Common names include meadow-grass (mainly in Europe and Asia), bluegrass (mainly in North America), tussock (some New Zealand species), a ...

'' R.Br. *''

Poa alpigena ''Poa alpigena'' is a species of grass occurring in mountainous regions. Its specific epithet "''alpigena''" means "growing in the alpine". Description ''Poa alpigena'' grows up to tall, with firm leaf blades. Its panicle grows up to high, wit ...

'' Lindm. *''

Poa alpina ''Poa alpina'', commonly known as alpine meadow-grass or alpine bluegrass, is a species of grass with a primarily holarctic distribution. It is noted for being pseudoviviparous: in place of seeds, it sometimes reproduces asexually, creating ne ...

'' L. – Alpine meadow-grass *'' Poa arctica'' R.Br. *'' Poa glauca'' Vahl *'' Poa hartzii'' Gand. *''

Poa pratensis ''Poa pratensis'', commonly known as Kentucky bluegrass (or blue grass), smooth meadow-grass, or common meadow-grass, is a perennial species of grass native to practically all of Europe, North Asia and the mountains of Algeria and Morocco. Altho ...

'' L. *''

Polemonium boreale ''Polemonium boreale'', the northern Jacob's-ladder or boreal Jacobs-ladder, is a plant native to the most of the high arctic. In Greenland it is found only in a small area on the east coast. It is not very common. The whole plant is pubescent, ...

'' Adams – boreal Jacobs-ladder *''

Polygonum aviculare ''Polygonum aviculare'' or common knotgrass is a plant related to buckwheat and dock. It is also called prostrate knotweed, birdweed, pigweed and lowgrass. It is an annual found in fields and wasteland, with white flowers from June to October. I ...

'' L. *'' Potentilla chamissonis'' Hultén – bluff cinquefoil *''

Potentilla crantzii ''Potentilla crantzii'', the alpine cinquefoil, is a flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is native to North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. ...

'' (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch *'' Potentilla hyparctica'' Malte – Arctic cinquefoil *'' Potentilla × insularis'' Soják (endemic) *'' Potentilla × prostrata'' Rottb. *'' Potentilla pulchella'' R.Br. – tufted cinquefoil *'' Potentilla sommerfeltii'' Lehm. *'' Puccinellia angustata'' (R.Br.) E.L.Rand & Redfield *'' Puccinellia phryganodes'' (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr. – cushioned saltmarsh grass *'' Puccinellia tenella'' (Lange) Holmb. *'' Puccinellia vahliana'' (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr. *'' × Pucciphippsia vacillans'' (Th.Fr.) Tzvelev *''

Ranunculus acris ''Ranunculus acris'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, and is one of the more common buttercups across Europe and temperate Eurasia. Common names include meadow buttercup, tall buttercup, common buttercup and giant but ...

'' L. (introduced) *'' Ranunculus glacialis'' L. *'' Ranunculus hyperboreus'' Rottb. – Arctic buttercup *'' Ranunculus lapponicus'' L. – Lapland buttercup *'' Ranunculus nivalis'' L. – snow buttercup *'' Ranunculus pallasii'' Schltdl. *'' Ranunculus pygmaeus'' Wahlenb. – pygmy buttercup *'' Ranunculus × spitsbergensis'' Hadac *'' Ranunculus sulphureus'' Sol. – sulphur-coloured buttercup *''

Rhodiola rosea ''Rhodiola rosea'' (commonly golden root, rose root, roseroot, Aaron's rod, Arctic root, king's crown, ''lignum rhodium'', orpin rose) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It grows naturally in wild Arctic regions of Europe ...

'' L. *''

Rubus chamaemorus ''Rubus chamaemorus'' is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to cool temperate regions, alpine and arctic tundra and boreal forest. This herbaceous perennial produces amber-colored edible fruit similar to the blackbe ...

'' L. – cloudberry *''

Rumex acetosella ''Rumex acetosella'', commonly known as red sorrel, sheep's sorrel, field sorrel and sour weed, is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae. Native to Eurasia and the British Isles, the plant and its subspecies are commo ...

'' L. *'' Sabulina rossii'' (R.Br. ex Richardson) Dillenb. & Kadereit *'' Sabulina rubella'' (Wahlenb.) Dillenb. & Kadereit *'' Sabulina stricta'' (Sw.) Rchb. *''

Sagina caespitosa ''Sagina'' (like ''Colobanthus'' called "pearlworts") is a genus of 20–30 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. These are flowering herbs native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere extending south to tropical ...

'' Lange *'' Sagina nivalis'' (Lindblad) Fr. *''

Salix herbacea ''Salix herbacea'', the dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow, is a species of tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae) adapted to survive in harsh arctic and subarctic environments. Distributed widely in alpine and arctic environments ar ...

'' L. – snowbed willow *'' Salix polaris'' Wahlenb. – polar willow *'' Salix reticulata'' L. *''

Saxifraga aizoides ''Saxifraga aizoides'', yellow mountain saxifrage or yellow saxifrage, is a flowering alpine plant of the genus ''Saxifraga''. Description ''Saxifraga aizoides'' is an evergreen perennial which branches at or below ground level, and grows to . ...

'' L. – yellow mountain saxifrage *''

Saxifraga cernua ''Saxifraga cernua'', the drooping saxifrage, nodding saxifrage or bulblet saxifrage, is a flower common all over the Arctic, High Arctic. It stretches further south in mountainous areas of the Alps, Norway, Iceland, Siberia and Alaska. It grow ...

'' L. – drooping saxifrage *'' Saxifraga cespitosa'' L. – tufted saxifrage *'' Saxifraga hirculus'' L. – bog saxifrage *'' Saxifraga hyperborea'' R.Br. *''

Saxifraga oppositifolia ''Saxifraga oppositifolia'', the purple saxifrage or purple mountain saxifrage, is a species of plant that is very common in the high Arctic and also some high mountainous areas further south, including northern Great Britain, Britain, the Alps ...

'' L. – purple saxifrage *'' Saxifraga rivularis'' L. – brook saxifrage *'' Saxifraga svalbardensis'' Øvstedal (endemic) *''

Schoenus nigricans ''Schoenus nigricans'' is a species of sedge known by the common names black bog-rush''Schoenus ni ...

'' L. *''

Sibbaldia procumbens ''Sibbaldia procumbens'' (or creeping sibbaldia) is a species of flowering plant of the genus ''Sibbaldia'' in the rose family. It has an Arctic–alpine distribution; it can be found throughout the Arctic, as well as the at higher elevations in ...

'' L. *''

Silene acaulis ''Silene acaulis'', known as moss campion or cushion pink, is a small mountain-dwelling wildflower that is common all over the high arctic and tundra and in high mountains of Eurasia and North America (Alps, Carpathians, southern Siberia, Pyrenee ...

'' (L.) Jacq. – moss campion *'' Silene involucrata'' (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bocquet *'' Silene uralensis'' (Rupr.) Bocquet *'' Stellaria crassipes'' Hultén – chickweed *''

Stellaria humifusa ''Stellaria humifusa'', the saltmarsh starwort, is plant native to northern North America and Eurasia. References holostea Flora of Eastern Canada Flora of Eastern Europe Flora of Northern Europe Flora of Siberia Flora of Subarctic ...

'' Rottb. – Arctic chickweed *''

Stellaria longipes ''Stellaria longipes'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names longstalk starwort and Goldie's starwort. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northernmost latitudes of the Nor ...

'' Goldie *'' Stellaria media'' (L.) Vill. *'' Taraxacum amphiphron'' Böcher (endemic) *'' Taraxacum brachyrhynchum'' G.E.Haglund (endemic) *'' Taraxacum croceum'' Dahlst. ex Andersson *'' Taraxacum cymbifolium'' H.Lindb. ex Dahlst. *'' Taraxacum recedens'' (Dahlst.) G.E.Haglund (endemic) *'' Taraxacum torvum'' G.E.Haglund (endemic) *''

Thinopyrum junceiforme ''Thinopyrum'' is a genus of Eurasian and African plants in the grass family. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Thinopyrum'': *'' Thinopyrum acutum'' (DC.) Banfi - Europe, Turkey *'' Thinopyrum bessarabicum'' (Savul. & ...

'' (Á.Löve & D.Löve) Á.Löve *''

Tofieldia pusilla ''Tofieldia pusilla'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Tofieldiaceae. It is also sometimes classified in the lily family, Liliaceae. Its common name is Scottish asphodel in Europe, and Scotch false asphodel in North America. The plan ...

'' (Michx.) Pers. *'' Trisetum spicatum'' (L.) K.Richt. *''

Vaccinium uliginosum ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberry, bog blueberry, northern bilberry or western blueberry) is a Eurasian and North American flowering plant in the genus ''Vaccinium'' within the heath family. Distribution ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' is native ...

'' L. – bog bilberry *'' Veronica alpina'' L. *''

Vicia sativa ''Vicia sativa'', known as the common vetch, garden vetch, tare or simply vetch, is a nitrogen-fixing leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae. It is likely native to North Africa, Western Asia and Europe, but is now naturalized in temperate and ...

'' L. *''

Viola canina ''Viola canina'' (heath dog-violet or heath violet) is a species of the genus ''Viola'', native to Europe, where it is found in heaths, fens, and moist woodlands, especially on acidic soils. It is a herbaceous perennial plant A perennial ...

'' L. *'' Viola nemoralis'' Kütz. *'' Woodsia glabella'' R.Br. Image:mountsorrel-1.jpg,

Mountain sorrel ''Oxyria digyna'' (mountain sorrel, wood sorrel, Alpine sorrel or Alpine mountain-sorrel) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae).Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd ed., 2013, p. 108 It is native to arctic ...

Image:spiderplant1.jpg, '' Saxifraga flagellaris'' Image:Saxifraga oppositifolia - PurpSaxifrage1.jpg,

Purple saxifrage ''Saxifraga oppositifolia'', the purple saxifrage or purple mountain saxifrage, is a species of plant that is very common in the high Arctic and also some high mountainous areas further south, including northern Britain, the Alps and the Rocky ...

Image:Vaccinium uliginosum fruit.jpg, Fruit of ''

References

{{Svalbard topics Environment of Svalbard

Natural history of Norway